काउलो (Kaulo) ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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काउलो (Kaulo)

वैज्ञानिक नाम: Persea odoratissima (Nees) Kosterm.

परिवार: Lauraceae

परिचय:

काउलो एक मध्यम आकारको सदावहार रूख हो, जसलाई नेपालको विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा पहिचान गरिएको छ। यसको पातको माथिल्लो भाग चम्किलो हरियो

हुन्छ भने तल्लो भाग सेतो धुलोले ढाकिएको जस्तो देखिन्छ। पातहरू सामान्यतया ७.५ देखि १८ सेमी लामो र ३ देखि ७.५ सेमी चौडा हुन्छन्, जसको टुप्पो चुच्चो आकारको हुन्छ। यो रूखले साना पहेंलो-हरियो रंगका फूलहरू पनि उत्पादन गर्छ।

काउलो विशेष गरी यसको बोक्राको लागि परिचित छ, जसलाई विभिन्न उद्योगहरूमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको बोक्रा धूप बनाउन र चिपचिपे पदार्थको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

उपलब्धता र प्राकृतिक वितरण:

काउलो नेपालभरि १००० मिटरदेखि २१०० मिटरको उचाइमा पाइन्छ। यो प्राय: उपोष्ण प्रदेशीय र समशीतोष्ण क्षेत्रहरूमा फस्टाउँछ। यसले विभिन्न प्रकारका माटो र वातावरणमा पनि राम्रोसँग वृद्धि गर्छ। नेपालका मध्य र पूर्वी क्षेत्रमा काउलो बढी पाइन्छ।

सङ्कलन समय र व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग:

• सङ्कलन समय: भदौदेखि कात्तिकसम्म यसको बोक्रा सङ्कलन गरिन्छ।

• व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग: काउलोको मुख्य काण्डको बोक्रा व्यापारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

व्यापारमा आउने भागबारे सामान्य जानकारी:

व्यापारका लागि काउलोको बोक्रा साना टुक्रामा काटेर बिक्री गरिन्छ। यो बोक्रा हल्का खैरो-रातो रंगको हुन्छ र निकै कडा हुन्छ। योबाट कुनै विशेष गन्ध आउँदैन। यसको बोक्रालाई पिसेर जिकेट पाउडर बनाइन्छ, जुन बजारमा बिक्री हुन्छ।

प्रयोग, गुण, र फाइदाहरू:

काउलोको बोक्रा विशेष गरी धूप बनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको बोक्रामा चिपचिपे पदार्थ हुन्छ, जसलाई पिसेर पानीसँग मिसाउँदा गुँद जस्तै काम गर्छ।

संरक्षण अवस्था वा व्यापारिक महत्त्व:

काउलोको बोक्राको अत्यधिक सङ्कलनका कारण यसको अस्तित्व संकटमा पर्न सक्छ।

Introduction:

Kaulo, Persea odoratissima, is a medium-sized evergreen tree native to Nepal. It belongs to the Lauraceae family and grows well in the subtropical to temperate region of the country. This tree is highly valued for its leaves and bark, which are important parts of this plant used in traditional uses and trade.

The tree grows up to an average height; the leaves are shiny green on the upper surface and whitish with dust on the lower side. The leaves may be from 7.5 to 18 centimeters in length and 3 to 7.5 centimeters in width. Leaves are somewhat elongated, lanceolate-shaped, tapering into a pointed apex. Kaulo produces very small yellow-green flowers-inconspicuous yet important in the life cycle of the plant.

Kaulo is known for its resilience and multifunctional purposes in almost every part, especially regarding the bark, which gets collected for uses from incense to adhesive materials. The over-exploitation of this species has eventually threatened it, raising a case for conservation towards its protection in the future.

Availability and Natural Distribution in Nepal:

Distribution: Kaulo is distributed naturally in all parts of Nepal, ranging from 1000 to 2100 m altitudinal range. It is very common in the subtropical and temperate forests. Most of its varieties are adaptable to the different climates falling within this range and prefer area with seasonal monsoon and moderately cool winter.

Kaulo grows most continuously in central and eastern Nepal. More precisely, forests and hilly areas are included. This tree is quite adaptable to a wide range of soil types and climates; unfortunately, due to over-exploitation, it has grown scarcer and scarcer, mainly because the bark is valuable.

The tree also gains cultural importance in certain areas of Nepal, where the bark is burned for incense, used in religious ceremonies, and finds an application in folk medication. Once, the wide distribution of this tree made it a very accessible commodity; in recent times, with growing demand for its bark, increasing concerns over its sustainability have arisen.

Harvesting Time and Parts Used in Trade:

Time of Harvesting: The Kaulo tree is normally harvested between September and November. This is because the time falls in the natural cycle of the tree; hence, the bark harvested can be most potent and useful.

Part of the plant traded: Main stem bark is the most primary part used in trade. Unlike most trees, where leaves, flowers, or fruit are of commercial value, it is on its bark that Kaulo draws its commercial value for various uses.

General Description of Traded Part:

Kaulo bark is usually traded in little bits, carefully taken down and prepared for application in various other industry forms. The bark is normally somewhat brownish-red in color and is reported to be very hard and tough; whereas its hardness is concerned, Kaulo barks do not bear any remarkable fragrance-quite unusual for a tree allied so closely with the production of incense.

It is later reduced to a fine powder known as the Jiket Powder, which is used both as incense and an adhesive. The bark of Kaulo contains sticky resin acting as an effective binding agent with water. During the fiscal year 2010/2011, Kaulo bark became one of the highly exported raw MAPs from Nepal, underlining its commercial value. It is still one of the crucial export products of Nepal and finds its major application in herbal and incense-making industries.

Uses, Properties, and Benefits:

Kaulo bark is known mainly for two uses: making incense and as an adhesive.

Incense Production: Kaulo bark features as one of the important barks used in the manufacturing of incense and thus finds its demand in religious and ritual performances. The resinous nature allows it to burn with slow and consistent release and is hence considered an excellent base in incense sticks and powders. When combined with other aromatic elements, Kaulo bark acts like a binding agent that helps in binding the mixture together for smooth and consistent burning.

Adhesive properties: Kaulo bark possesses within itself a naturally resinous or sticky substance. The grounded powder of this bark, upon mixing with water, forms a paste of glue-like consistency, which has been used conventionally for several purposes. This adhesive property of Kaulo bark makes it quite useful in industries that require natural adhesives of plant origin instead of synthetic ones.

Medicinal Use: It is not as popular for medicinal purposes compared with other herbs; nevertheless, Kaulo had been traditionally used in certain parts of the world. The resin derived from its bark had been used though in minimal amounts, for skin irritations and as a sealant for minor cuts.

Conservation Status or Commercial Importance:

This has raised a potential threat of over-harvesting for its increasing demand both in industries producing incense and as an adhesive. Kaulo is being collected in unsustainably high quantities throughout large parts of Nepal, and under these conditions, there is a fear that this species may face decline unless proper conservation measures are undertaken.

In the recent years, people have been calling for responsible harvests as a way of ensuring continuity for the future generation. There is regulation in the process of harvesting and sustainable methods that balance out the commercial value of the tree with environmental preservation.

Reference

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