चुत्रो (Barberry) ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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चुत्रो (Barberry)

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बैज्ञानिक नामः Berberis asiatica Roxb. ex DC, Berberis aristata DC

परिवारः Berberidaceae

परिचयः

नेपालमा चुत्रोको ३२ प्रजातिहरू पाइन्छन्, जसमा ८ भन्दा बढी उप-प्रजातिहरू पनि छन्। मुख्य

रूपमा दुई प्रजातिहरू – Berberis aristata र Berberis asiatica – व्यापारमा अत्यधिक प्रयोगमा छन्। नेपाल सरकारले दारुहल्दी भनेर पनि यी प्रजातिहरूलाई चिनाएको छ। स्थानीय भाषामा कतिपय ठाउँमा Mahonia napaulensis लाई पनि दारुहल्दी भनेर चिनिन्छ।

Berberis asiatica

यस प्रजातिको झाडी करिब ३ मिटर अग्लो हुन्छ। यसको पात साना, झुप्पामा फुलेका, २ देखि ७ सेन्टिमिटर लामो र ०.५ देखि २ सेन्टिमिटर चौडा हुन्छ। पातको किनारामा काँडा हुन्छ र यसको फूल पहेँलो हुन्छ। फल गाढा रातो हुँदै पाकेपछि निलो वा प्याजी रंगको हुन्छ।

Berberis aristata

यो प्रजाति पनि ३ मिटर अग्लो हुन्छ। पात साना, झुप्पामा फुलेका, १.५ देखि ९ सेन्टिमिटर लामो र ०.५ देखि २ सेन्टिमिटर चौडा हुन्छ। यसको फूल पहेँलो हुन्छ र पाकेपछि फल नीलो–कालो रंगको हुन्छ।

उपलब्धताः

Berberis asiatica नेपालको १८०० देखि ३००० मिटर उचाइमा पाइन्छ भने Berberis aristata ६०० देखि २५०० मिटर उचाइमा पाइन्छ। नेपालका विभिन्न भागहरूमा यी प्रजातिहरू प्राकृतिक रूपमा पाइन्छन्।

सङ्कलन समयः

चुत्रोको बोक्रा र जरा मुख्यतः असोजदेखि मंसिरसम्म सङ्कलन गरिन्छ।

व्यापारमा आउने भागः

बोक्रा र जरा व्यापारमा बढी प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको बाहिरी भाग अलिअलि चिरिएको र खैरो रंगको हुन्छ भने भित्री भाग पहेँलो रंगको हुन्छ।

प्रयोगः

चुत्रोका फल, पात, बोक्रा, र जरा औषधीय गुणले भरपूर छन्। विशेष गरी बोक्रा र जरा प्राकृतिक पहेँलो रंग निकाल्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। आँखामा संक्रमण भएको बेला चुत्रोको बोक्राको रस उबाली छानेर आँखा पोल्दा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

औषधीय लाभहरूः

चुत्रोको विभिन्न भागमा थुप्रै औषधीय गुण पाइन्छ। यसको फल, पात, बोक्रा, र जराको विभिन्न रोगहरूमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। चुत्रोमा एन्टिअक्सिडेन्ट, एन्टिइन्फ्लेमेटरी, र एन्टिब्याक्टेरियल गुण पाइन्छ।

Introduction:

Barberry, commonly known as "Chutro" in Nepal grows quite abundantly in the hilly regions. Altogether, 32 species of Barberry grow in Nepal, out of which more than 8 subspecies have been reported. The two main traded species in Nepal are Berberis aristata and Berberis asiatica. In the government gazette, it is also mentioned as Daruhaldi and in some areas the Mahonia napaulensis is also wrongly recognized as a Barberry.

Berberis asiatica

It grows up to 3 meters tall, with small and tufted leaves that measure 2 to 7 cm in length and 0.5-2 cm width. It has spiny margins with yellow flowers. The fruit at first is dark red, which subsequently becomes bluish or purplish when it ripens.

Berberis aristata

This species is also similar to Berberis asiatica because it only reaches about 3 meters in height as well. Leaves of B. lycium are generally small, and can appear clustered, the length of which ranges from 1.5-9 cm in length; flowers are yellow, with the fruit turning blue-black when ripe.

Availability:

It grows at altitudes ranging from 1800 to 3000 meters in the case of Berberis asiatica and between 600 to 2500 meters across Nepal for Berberis aristata. The plants are native to Nepal and grow wild in the forests, especially in hilly and mountainous regions.

Harvesting Time:

The most sought-after bark and roots are collected between the months of October and December for the trade.

Parts Used in Trade:

The most usual traded parts of Barberry are the bark and root. The external part of the bark is slightly brown and cracked, while the inner one is yellow. Generally, these parts are odorless.

Uses and Benefits:

Barberry's fruit, leaves, bark, and roots are highly valued for their medicinal properties. The bark and the root are major sections from which natural yellow dye is extracted. Besides this, Barberry is also recognized for its health benefits, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties.

Medicinal Uses:

Treating Eye Inflammation: According to traditional use, this plant has been in use for the treatment of eye infections in Nepal. The juice is extracted from its bark, which, after boiling and filtering, is used as drops to reduce inflammation in the eyes.

Digestive Health: This plant finds its application in digestion according to traditional medicine. Barberry is highly known due to its action that stimulates the secretion of bile; thus, it supports the liver function in cases of indigestion and liver disorders.

Skin Conditions: The antibacterial property of Barberry helps in combating skin infections and rashes. It has also been used topically in conditions like acne and eczema.

Control of Diabetes: According to some studies, Barberry has been claimed to sustain blood sugar level, and for that fact, it is helpful in treating type 2 diabetes.

How to Use:

Bark Extract: The bark can be boiled, and the extract can be used as an eye drop or taken to treat various internal infections.

Fruits: The fruit is edible, though quite sour, and is used in jams or jellies.

Powdered Bark or Root: You may even dry and powder the bark or root, which can be taken in small doses against digestive ailments.

Conservation and Commercial Importance:

Barberry has significant commercial importance because of its medicinal properties and the natural dye extracted from its bark and roots. However, some species of Barberry are over-harvested. For continued existence in this rich ecosystem of Nepal, sustainable harvesting and conservation methods need to be implemented.

Conclusion: Barberry or Chutro is a major medicinal plant that grows in abundance in the hilly region of Nepal. Its bark, roots, and fruit have long been used in traditional medicine to cure eye infections, skin conditions, and other illnesses. As many species of Barberry occur in Nepal, it also plays a crucial role in health and economic branches, so that the need for its conservation becomes highly important and should be well cared for its medicinal and ecological value.

Reference

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