काकरसिङ्गी (Insect Gall in Pistacia) ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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काकरसिङ्गी (Insect Gall in Pistacia)

16:25

वैज्ञानिक नाम: Pistacia chinensis subsp. integerrima (J.L. Stewart.) Rech. f.

परिवार: Anacardiaceae

परिचय:

काकरसिङ्गी १८ मिटरसम्म अग्लो हुने पतझर रूख हो जसको गोलाई लगभग

२.७ मिटरसम्म पुग्न सक्छ। यसको फल र पातमा कीराले आक्रमण गर्दा, रूखले सिङ जस्तो गाँठो उत्पादन गर्छ जसलाई औषधीय गुणहरूका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। काकरसिङ्गीको यस्ता गाँठाहरू प्राचीन औषधिमा विशेष रूपले श्वासप्रश्वाससम्बन्धी समस्याहरू र सर्प तथा बिच्छीको टोकाइको उपचारका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यो रूख पश्चिम नेपालमा मात्र पाइन्छ र यसलाई वनस्पतिको महत्त्वपूर्ण स्रोत मानिन्छ।

काकरसिङ्गीलाई 'Insect Gall' भनेर चिनिन्छ, यसको मुख्य गुण त्यसको गाँठाहरूमा हुन्छ। पिस्टासिया प्रजातिको सदस्य भए तापनि काकरसिङ्गीको मुख्य मूल्य यसका फलको गाँठामा हुन्छ, जुन औषधीय प्रयोगको लागि आवश्यक हुन्छ।

उपलब्धता र प्राकृतिक वितरण:

काकरसिङ्गी पश्चिम नेपालको ३०० देखि २१०० मिटरसम्मको उँचाइमा, विशेष गरेर सुख्खा, खुल्ला ठाउँहरूमा र खोलाको किनारमा पाइन्छ। यो प्रायः खोटेसल्लाको जंगलमा पाइन्छ। नेपालका अन्य भागहरूमा भने यो बिरलै पाइन्छ। यसले गर्दा यसको स्थानीय महत्त्व बढी छ।

पश्चिमी हिमालय क्षेत्रको विशेष जलवायु र पर्यावरणीय सन्तुलन काकरसिङ्गीको लागि उपयुक्त छ, जसले गर्दा यो ठाउँमा यसको खेती र संरक्षणको महत्त्व रहेको छ।

सङ्कलन समय र व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग:

• सङ्कलन समय: काकरसिङ्गीको सङ्कलन मुख्यतः कात्तिकदेखि मङ्सिरसम्म गरिन्छ।

• व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग: काकरसिङ्गीको सुख्खा फलको बोक्रा र पातमा बनेको गाँठो व्यापारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। कीराले आक्रमण गर्दा बनेको सिङ जस्तो गाँठो मुख्य औषधीय भाग हो।

प्रयोग, गुण, र फाइदाहरू:

काकरसिङ्गी औषधीय गुणहरूको लागि प्रख्यात छ। यसको धूलो आउँ, दम, सर्प र बिच्छीको टोकाइ, तथा श्वासप्रश्वाससम्बन्धी समस्याहरूको उपचारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। साथै, यसबाट निकालिएको तेल पनि औषधि निर्माणमा महत्त्वपूर्ण हुन्छ।

संरक्षण अवस्था वा व्यापारिक महत्त्व:

काकरसिङ्गी नेपालमा महत्त्वपूर्ण व्यापारिक रूख मानिन्छ, तर यसको अत्यधिक सङ्कलनले यसको संरक्षण आवश्यक छ।

Introduction:

Kakrasingi is a deciduous tree, 18 meters tall, with a girth of approximately 2.7 meters. This tree is mainly noted for its peculiar medicinal properties found in galls that form on the fruit and leaves when they are attacked by insects. These galls are small, horn-shaped, and twisted; they have great medicinal value in traditional medicine. The bark and galls of this whole tree are useful for different medicinal purposes, especially in Nepal, where this tree plays an important role in herbal medicines.

The name "Kakarsingi" refers to the insect galls formed on the tree, and the tree itself is known as Pistacia chinensis, belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. Apart from that, it is similar to other types of Pistacia, such as the pistachio tree. Nevertheless, its most important use is medicinal rather than as fruit. Galls of Kakrasingi have been one of the traditional ingredients in medicines related to various health problems, particularly respiratory issues and snake and scorpion bites.

Availability and Natural Distribution in Nepal:

Kakarsingi is distributed mainly in western Nepal, preferring dry, open, and rocky spots, often with associated river areas and pine forests. This tree occurs between 300-2100 meters above sea level, hence the distribution of this species is varied concerning altitude. Its existence is usually recorded in the forests dominated by Pinus roxburghii, commonly called the chir pine. Such forests represent the ideal habitats for the growth of Kakarsingi among other strong trees and shrubs, which grow well on western Nepal's undulating slopes.

Though Kakarsingi is found in western Nepal, it is not spread throughout the country. Its rarity in other parts makes it a resource to be treasured by local people for trade purposes as well as medicinal purposes. This western Himalayan region with special climatic and ecological features provides a suitable environment for the growth of this great tree, which already forms a part of the natural heritage.

Time of Harvesting and Parts Used in Trade:

Time of Harvesting: This is the best time from November to December to collect Kakarsingi. The time is most appropriate because at this time, the galls will have been fully formed and develop to their fullest potential the medicinal compound concentration needed for trading purposes.

Part Used in Trade: The most traded parts are the bark of the dry fruit and the insect galls themselves. They are collected after formation of the galls on the leaves and fruits produced by the infestation of insects. Considered the chief medicinal part, it is primarily considered the galls, while the barks are used less frequently, yet almost equally important for some recipes.

General Description of the Traded Part:

Kakarsingi could easily be identified by its brown empty fruit bark and slight lines running along the surface. The smell of this bark is less pungent, a kind of exception among all other medicinal varieties. Insect galls were generally hollow inside, and the outside portion was a little rough; the inner part was yellowish. These galls may grow up to 2.5 cm in length and, because of their twisted horn-like appearance, their identification is quite easy.

Gall formation is a sort of defense mechanism of the tree, which develops in response to the laying of eggs or feeding by insects on the tissues of the plant. The response of the tree is to form these abnormal growths, containing large proportions of the same medicinal compounds. The galls are collected, dried, and then prepared for traditional medicine.

Usages, Properties, and Benefits:

Kakrasingi has been used in folk medicine for ages, especially in Ayurveda. The anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antimicrobial properties of this plant are highly valued. The powdered galls work very well in treating dysentery and asthma, soothing the inflamed tissue and promoting easy breathing.

Apart from these applications, Kakarsingi is also utilized for snake and scorpion bites, where it serves to nullify the toxins and lessen the after-effects of the injected venom. This is extremely useful in traditional modes of healing in rural areas where modern medical treatments for bites and stings may not be readily available.

Kakarsingi has also been used for destroying intestinal worms and is often utilized as a vermifuge in order to get rid of such parasites from the body. This use becomes important in those parts of the world where parasitic infections are common, and remedies like Kakarsingi provide a homeopathic, effective answer.

The oil extracted from the galls is also applied in several medicinal preparations. The nature of this oil is not different from the powdered galls as it provides a pathway for the free flow of air and is an alternative method to retain infections of diseases.

Conservation Status or Commercial Importance:

Kakarsingi finds widespread use in trade, especially in western Nepal, where the trees are rather abundant; however, it is also being over-exploited in that area for local use and export. It is not regarded as an endangered species, but the tree nonetheless faces overexploitation pressures, mainly in areas of its high medicinal demand. For this purpose, conservation will be highly recommended to provide a chance for Kakarsingi to be exploited sustainably, with involvement from the local communities in benefiting from its medicinal values without depleting natural populations.

Due to its medicinal importance, Kakarsingi is highly traded in various herbal markets of Nepal and exported to countries practicing traditional medicine. Its unique properties make it a treasure for Ayurveda practitioners, and its role in treating respiratory disorders and poisonous bites ensures its demand in the herbal medicine market.

Reference

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