Laghupatra: Himalayan May Apple (Podophyllum hexandrum): Benefits, Uses, and Conservation for Health लघुपत्र जडीबुटीको महत्त्व, प्रयोग, र औषधीय गुणहरू ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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Laghupatra: Himalayan May Apple (Podophyllum hexandrum): Benefits, Uses, and Conservation for Health लघुपत्र जडीबुटीको महत्त्व, प्रयोग, र औषधीय गुणहरू

परिचय:

लघुपत्र, जसलाई बैज्ञानिक रुपमा Podophyllum hexandrum Royle भनिन्छ, नेपालको उच्च हिमाली र

पहाडी क्षेत्रका जडीबुटीमध्ये एक महत्वपूर्ण वनस्पति हो। यो Berberidaceae परिवारमा पर्ने यो वनस्पति विशेषतः ३००० देखि ४५०० मीटरको उचाइमा पाइन्छ। यो झार वर्गको वनस्पति ६० देखि ७० से.मी. सम्म अग्लो हुन्छ। यसको पात लामो, गोलाकार र दाँती भएको हुन्छ भने, फुल सेतो वा गुलावी र कचौरा आकारको हुन्छ। लघुपत्रको जरा र गानो यसको व्यापारिक उपयोगको लागि संकलन गरिन्छ।

नेपालमा यो वनस्पति कलेजोका घाउहरू उपचार गर्नका लागि विशेष मानिन्छ। यसका साथै, आधुनिक अनुसन्धानहरूले यसलाई क्यान्सरको सम्भावित उपचारका लागि प्रयोग गर्न सकिने देखाएका छन्। नेपाल सरकारले यसलाई संरक्षित वनस्पतिको सूचीमा राखेको छ र यसको खेती तथा संरक्षणमा विशेष प्राथमिकता दिएको छ।

उपलब्धता:

लघुपत्र नेपालका हिमाली र उच्च पहाडी क्षेत्रहरूमा पाइन्छ। विशेष गरी, यो ३००० देखि ४५०० मीटरको उचाइमा फैलिएका भिरालो जंगल र खुला क्षेत्रहरूमा पाइन्छ।

सङ्कलन समय र व्यापारमा आउने भाग:

लघुपत्रको गानो र जरा मुख्यतया व्यापारमा आउने भागहरू हुन्। यसको गानो असोजदेखि कात्र्तिकसम्म संकलन गरिन्छ। जरा बाङ्गो–टिङ्गो स्वरूपको हुन्छ, जसको माथिल्लो भागमा ३ देखि ४ वटा कप जस्तो दागहरू देख्न सकिन्छ। तलपट्टि धेरै वटा गिर्खा जस्तो दागहरू हुन्छन्। यसको हल्का वास्ना आउँछ तर स्वाद भने अलि टर्रो हुन्छ।

औषधीय प्रयोग र गुणहरू:

लघुपत्रको जरा मुख्य रूपमा कलेजोको घाउहरू उपचार गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको जरामा पाइने पोडोफाइलिन (Podophyllin) नामक रसायन कलेजोको स्वास्थ्यका लागि उपयोगी छ। हालका अनुसन्धानहरूले यसको प्रयोग क्यान्सर रोगको सम्भावित उपचारमा पनि गरिन सकिने देखाएका छन्। नेपालमा यो जडीबुटी खेती र संरक्षणको प्राथमिकतामा राखिएको छ र यो CITES को अनुसूची २ मा परेको छ।

संरक्षण अवस्था:

नेपाल सरकारले लघुपत्रको खेती तथा संरक्षणका लागि विशेष प्राथमिकता दिएको छ। यो CITES को अनुसूची २ मा पर्ने जडीबुटी हो जसले गर्दा यसको संकलन र निर्यातमा विशेष सावधानी अपनाउनुपर्ने हुन्छ।

Introduction:

Himalayan May Apple, scientifically known as Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, is one of the most important herbs found in the high altitudes of Nepal. Growing up to a height of 60-70 cm in the family Berberidaceae, it includes erect, unbranched, fleshy, and sticky nature. Its leaves are long, lobed with three, and serrated at the edges. It bears one single white or pinkish flower which flowers in June or July. The rhizome is the main part used in herbal medicine and has acquired importance in modern pharmacology for its reputed properties as a cancer cure.

Habitat and Distribution:

Himalayan May Apple is distributed throughout the Himalayan and high hilly regions of Nepal between 2400-4500 meters. The plants grow in sloped forests and open areas, thriving under cool and moist environments. These are the types of conditions that this plant can grow under, which tells a lot about the hardiness of the species and powerful medicinal properties it might contain.

Harvesting Time and Parts Used:

The rhizome and root are those plant parts that are most in use, both for trade and medicinal purposes. The best time found for harvesting is during the months of October and November. During this period the maturity of the plant is maximum, as are its active pharmacological principles.

Description of Rhizome:

The Laghupatra rhizome is irregular. 3-4 cup-like marks are visible on its upper part. A large number of scars are present on the lower part. It has an aromatic smell, but the taste is slightly bitter and astringent.

Medicinal Uses and Benefits:

The major constituent in the root of Laghupatra is a chemical compound known as Podophyllin, which is highly potent in treating liver diseases and is possibly used in treating cancers, too.

Liver Health:

Traditionally, Podophyllin is prescribed to heal liver wounds or disorders related to liver function. Its role in promoting liver health is documented well enough in traditional medicine.

Cancer Treatment Potential:

Recent studies illustrate that Podophyllin has the potential to treat cancer. Due to the growth inhibition activity against tumor cells, it is under study as an ingredient in anti-cancer drugs. This puts the Himalayan May Apple in the limelight for pharmaceutical research.

Wound Healing:

The rhizome has also been used in folk medicine, which aids in the healing of external wounds. Anti-inflammatory properties present in it make it effective to reduce swelling and accelerate the pace of healing.

Digestive Health:

Some traditional usages also extend to digestive problems, including constipation and stomach ailments, the use of Laghupatra. A slight bitterness acts like a mild laxative to regulate digestion.

Methods of Use:

In the case of Laghupatra, the rhizome and root are used in several forms:

Extracts and Tinctures: The rhizome is sometimes ground into powder or made into tinctures. In the case of treatment, this kind of form is usually prescribed in small quantities due to the potency of the compound called Podophyllin.

Topical Application:

The paste prepared with the rhizome can be applied directly to the place of liver wounds or any other external injuries. The anti-inflammatory property of this plant helps in pain reduction and helps in healing.

Pharmaceutical Preparations: In present day medicine, the active principle 'Podophyllin' is being considered for anti-cancer applications. Consequently, active principles are extracted from the herb for research and pharmaceutical applications.

Disease Treatment:

There is immense potential in Laghupatra regarding disease treatment; however, the main thrust of treatment has revolved around its possible role in the treatment of liver disorders and cancers. It is utilized in folklore remedies for the following conditions:

Internal and external wound care

Liver disorders

Digestive ailments

Further research may extend its application to more grave pathologies, particularly in the study of oncology.

Conservation Status:

Laghupatra is listed under Appendix II of CITES, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species; while it is not currently endangered, its trade is controlled to prevent overexploitation. The Nepalese government has recognized the importance of this plant and prioritized its cultivation and conservation. Because of its potential medicinal value, particularly in the treatment of cancer, efforts are being made to ensure overharvesting of the plant does not occur.

The plant is considered highly threatened because its popularity in traditional and modern medicine has driven increased demand and, subsequently, increased extraction. Because of this, Nepal has imposed stricter guidelines for the collection and trade of the plant. Growing programs have been developed also in order to take the stress off of the wild populations.

Conclusion:

Himalayan May Apple or Laghupatra is an invaluable herb both traditionally to the Nepalese systems of medicine and also in the field of modern pharmacology. Its benefits in treating liver ailments, its potential in the treatment of cancer, and a role it plays in wound healing make this herb inseparable from the medicinal flora of Nepal. However, conservation is essentially necessary for its continued availability since over-harvesting may pose a threat to its survival. The fact that it is listed in CITES and having some conservative initiatives from the government provide a promising future for Laghupatra, continuously serving health and medicine.

Reference

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