पिप्ला (Long Pepper) ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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पिप्ला (Long Pepper)

वैज्ञानिक नाम: Piper longum L.

परिवार: Piperaceae

परिचय:

नेपालमा पिप्ला दुई प्रजातिका रूपमा पाइन्छ: Piper longum र Piper peepuloides। तर सामान्यतया Piper longum नै व्यापारमा बढी प्रचलित छ। पिप्ला एक सुगन्धित, लहरा

प्रकारको बहुवर्षीय जडीबुटी हो, जसले जमिनमा फैलिँदै जरा पलाउँछ। यसको पात मुटु आकारको हुन्छ, जसको किनारा सिधा र पाँच धर्साहरू हुन्छन्। पिप्लाको फूल फुल्ने समय असारदेखि भदौसम्म हुन्छ, भने फल असोजदेखि पुससम्म लाग्छ। जब फल पाक्छ, त्यसलाई टिपेर सुकाउने गरिन्छ।

उपलब्धता:

पिप्ला नेपालभरि २०० देखि १३०० मिटर उचाईमा पाइन्छ। यो विशेष गरी तराईदेखि पहाडी क्षेत्रमा राम्रोसँग फैलिएको छ।

व्यापारमा आउने भाग:

व्यापारका लागि पिप्लाको मुख्य रूपमा फल (पिप्ला) र जरा वा डाँठ (पिपलामुल) प्रयोग गरिन्छ। फलको आकार २.५ देखि ७ सेमी सम्म लामो हुन्छ, र यो गाढा खैरो वा कालो रंगको हुन्छ। यसले सुगन्धित र मिठो वास्ना दिने गर्छ।

सङ्कलन समय:

पिप्लाको फल टिप्ने उपयुक्त समय कात्तिकदेखि पुससम्म मानिन्छ। वर्षाको अन्त्यपछि यसको सङ्कलन गरिन्छ।

प्रयोग:

पिप्लाका फलहरू प्राय: मसलाको रूपमा प्रयोग हुन्छन्। यसका पात र फल कपाल बढाउन, मलेरियाको ज्वरो नियन्त्रण गर्न, सर्प र बिच्छीको विष झार्न, र खोकी तथा सर्दी कम गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। पिप्लाको जरा ज्वरो घटाउन, शक्ति बढाउन, र औषधिको रूपमा प्रयोग हुन्छ। यसलाई जडीबुटी चियामा पनि प्रयोग गरिएको पाइन्छ।

संरक्षणको अवस्था:

नेपाल सरकारले पिप्लालाई खेती र संरक्षणको लागि उच्च प्राथमिकतामा राखेको छ, किनकि यसको आर्थिक महत्त्व पनि छ।

The Introduction:

Panchaunle, popularly known as Marsh Orchid, is a perennial orchid grown in the Himalayan region of Nepal. This orchid can grow up to 30 to 45 cm in height with tuberous roots. The roots are palm-shaped, with finger-like lobes, resembling human fingers. The leaves of the orchid are lance-shaped, with long, narrow leaves ranging from 5 to 30 cm in length and 2 to 4 cm in width. The flowers are of a beautiful rosy-purple color, dotted darker, and have been produced in terminal clusters. Availability:

In general, Panchaunle is found within the altitude ranging from 2800 to 4200 meters of Nepal. It prefers an open and moist grassland, slope, marshy area, and forested area with partial canopy. The herb is particularly abundant between 3800 to 4200 meters; hence, it is a high-altitude plant fit for the cold, moist climate of the Himalayas.

Harvesting and Parts Used:

The rhizome or root of the Panchaunle plant remains the most used part medicinally and commercially. The fresh root has an average weight of 2.5 grams, while the dry root is approximately 0.64 grams in weight. Because of the general human-hand shape of the root, it is lobed, more often into 3 to 5 lobes and sometimes even up to 6.

Properties and Uses:

Panchaunle's rhizome, which is sweet and slightly bitter, serves as a medication for many ailments. It works as an expectorant, astringent, and demulcent with highly nutritious properties. Traditionally, the root system is used to enhance skin softness and vitality and as a natural tonic to enhance strength and energy levels.

Some of the common medicinal uses are as follows:

Skin Softener: The herb rejuvenates and helps one maintain soft, youthful skin.

Tonic for Weakness: It is vastly used as a tonic in general weakness, fatigue, and lethargy.

Respiratory Relief: The root of Panchaunle is useful in overcoming cough, bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders due to its expectorant properties.

Digestive Aid: A decoction of a root is used in treating stomach disorders such as indigestion and diarrhea.

Reproductive Health: According to traditional Tibetan medicine, it is a potent aphrodisiac that improves reproductive health by enhancing vitality and promoting semen production.

Traditional Use:

Panchaunle, in the traditional approach of medicine, particularly in the Tibetan system, is regarded to be a very strong rejuvenator and tonic. The drug is believed to increase one's life force and energy, hence a general physical robustness. Due to its invigorating action, it is thus indicated in states of physical and mental exhaustion. The powdered root of Panchaunle is at times applied externally on wounds to arrest hemorrhage and accelerate healing.

Mode of Application:

The dried powder of the same root is used as a tonic with water or milk. It is taken mostly early in the morning to keep them energetic and fresh all over the day. Decoction: A decoction of its root boiled in water is useful in digestive disorders like indigestion and stomach cramps. This can also be administered as a medicinal herb for respiratory problems.

Topical Application: The root in powder form is applied topically for the treatment of wounds, reducing inflammation.

Conservation Status:

Panchaunle is a critically endangered species in Nepal due to over-harvesting and habitat destruction. Thus, its collection and trade have been banned by the Government of Nepal. The whole Orchidaceae family, to which Panchaunle belongs, is listed under Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), regulating its international trade with a view to ensure its survival in the wild.

Commercial Importance:

Because of the extensive range of medicinal properties, Panchaunle possesses immense commercial value. It is in demand both nationally and internationally in the traditional medicinal market despite its banned trade. The conservation of this genus thus is a must for the biodiversity conservation and for sustaining the traditional medicinal practices in the country.

Panchaunle, also known as Salep or Marsh Orchid, is a highly valued herb because of its medicinal properties and traditional usages. However, over-harvesting has posed a serious threat to its existence. Introduction: There are two species of Long Pepper found in Nepal, Piper longum and Piper peepuloides. However, Piper longum is mostly traded in the market. This is a fragrant, ever-bearing climber that spreads on the ground by rooting at its nodes. The leaves are heart-shaped, smooth-edged and contain five visible veins. It flowers between July and August, and fruits ripen between October and January. When the fruits are ripe, they are harvested and dried for use.

Availability:

Long Pepper occurs all over Nepal from 200 to 1300 meters elevation but is more common in the plains and lower hilly areas.

Parts Used in Trade:

The major trading parts include the fruits, which are commonly known as Pipla, and the root known as Piplamul. Fruits dark brown or black, elongated, lance-like, and 2.5 to 7 cm long; fresh fruits are green which darkens with maturity and drying. It has extremely sweet and fragrant odour.

Time of Harvesting:

The ideal time of Long Pepper fruit harvest is between November and January right after the end of the monsoon season. This assures full maturity of fruits for trade.

Uses and Benefits:

As a Spice: The fruits are mainly used as a spice or condiment and add a certain flavor to foods.

Medicinal Uses:

Fever and Colds: The roots are usually considered beneficial in treating fevers, energizing the person, and also sooths coughs and common colds.

Hair Growth: Both fruits and leaves are recommended as a hair tonic for healthy hair growth.

Malaria and Fever: Long Pepper is also used to control malarial fever.

Anti-poison: Traditional medicine is used to counter snake bites and poisonous creatures' bites like wild lizards or scorpions.

Herbal Tea Course: The fruits and leaves make part of numerous herbal teas consumed for boosting immunity and giving relief to respiratory problems.

Conservation Status:

As it constitutes great medicinal and commercial values, the Government of Nepal has put more emphasis on Long Pepper for its cultivation and conservation. This becomes vital since such efforts will be helpful for both the economy and health of those communities relying on herbal medicines.

Benefits and Properties:

1. The nature of Long pepper is warming, and it helps resolve respiratory problems, like the common cold, cough, and bronchitis; hence, it is especially useful during winter seasons.

2. Digestive Aid: In traditional medicine, Long Pepper is used in digesting food, more so for treatment related to indigestion, bloating, and gas.

3. Pain Reliever: The herb is said to contain compounds that can help reduce pain and inflammation, which, in turn, become quite useful for joint pain and arthritis.

4. Weight Management: Some studies are of the view that Long Pepper supports weight loss by increasing metabolism and enhancing fat digestion.

5. Immune Booster: Its regular consumption in food items or its decoction is said to lead to strengthening the immune system, thereby resulting in better resistance against infections.

Usage Methods:

As Spice: Spice Long Pepper can be added in powdered form to curries, soups, or any other formulation for that matter, to impart the spice's characteristic warm and spicy taste.

Herbal Tea: The fruits are dried and then usually simply boiled in water to extract in a tea the active principles. This is perhaps one of the most sought-after ways the fruits of Long Pepper are administered-whether for symptoms of the common cold or for improving digestion.

Hair Tonic: Long Pepper oil or the mixture of the ground herb with oil applied on the scalp promotes hair growth.

In Fever and Malaria: In powdered forms or part of herbal mixtures used as a remedy for fevers, which include malaria.

Conclusion:

Pipla is a versatile herb that has great cultural, medicinal, and economic importance in Nepal. It grows in plenty in hills and plains, and from respiratory to digestive problems, the traditional medicine prepared with it cures almost all ailments. The Government of Nepal is taking vital initiatives for the conservation and cultivation of this useful herb to make it continue as an integral part of the environment and health habits of the country. Indeed, Pipla is one such treasure among the other herbs of Nepal with its rich benefits and varieties of uses. This puts it in grave danger of survival, thus conserving it becomes very essential for the future.

Reference

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