पाँचऔंले, हाताजडी (Salep, Marsh Orchid) ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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पाँचऔंले, हाताजडी (Salep, Marsh Orchid)

16:49

वैज्ञानिक नाम: Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo

परिवार: Orchidaceae

परिचय:

पाँचऔंले नेपालमा पाइने एक महत्वपूर्ण जडीबुटी हो। यो वनस्पति करिब

३० देखि ४५ से.मी. अग्लो हुन्छ र यसको पात ५ देखि ३० से.मी. लामो र २ देखि ४ से.मी. चौडा हुन्छ। यसको पातहरु भाला जस्तो आकारको हुन्छ र यो डाँठलाई वरिपरिबाट घेरेर रहेको हुन्छ। पाँचऔंलेको पूmलहरू गुलाबी–प्याजी रङका हुन्छन्, जुन गाढा प्याजी छिर्कासहितको हुन्छ। यो बहुवर्षीय वनस्पति ओसिलो स्थानमा पाइन्छ।

उपलब्धता:

पाँचऔंले नेपालका उच्च पहाडी क्षेत्रहरूमा पाइन्छ। यसको प्राकृतिक वितरण २८०० देखि ४२०० मीटर उचाइका खुला घाँसेमैदान, दलदल जमिन भएको क्षेत्र, र खुला जंगलहरूमा हुन्छ। विशेष गरी यो ३८०० देखि ४२०० मीटर उचाईमा बढी मात्रामा पाइन्छ।

सङ्कलन र प्रयोग:

नेपाल सरकारले पाँचऔंलेको सङ्कलन र व्यापारमा पूर्ण प्रतिबन्ध लगाएको छ किनभने यो संकटापन्न वनस्पति हो। यसको जरा (कन्द) औषधीय गुणका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। पाँचऔंलेको जरा हातको औंलासँग मिल्ने आकारको हुन्छ र ३ देखि ५ खण्डमा विभाजित हुन्छ। यसले तौलमा ताजै अवस्थामा औसत २.५ ग्राम हुन्छ भने सुकाइसकेपछि तौल ०.६४ ग्राम मात्र रहन्छ।

औषधीय गुण र प्रयोग:

पाँचऔंलेको जरा विभिन्न रोगको उपचारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसमा दाह प्रशामक, कफ हटाउने, तथा कामोत्तेजक गुण पाइन्छ। यसको जरा विशेष गरी छालालाई मुलायम बनाउने र दुर्बलता कम गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। साथै, यो झाडापखाला, मधुमेह, वीर्यसम्बन्धी दुर्बलता, थकान, पक्षघात, खोकी, ब्रोन्काइटिस, ज्वरो आदि रोगहरूको उपचारमा पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। तिब्बती औषधीय प्रणालीमा यो जरा शक्तिवर्धकका रूपमा लिइन्छ, जसले शरीरको वीर्य र जीवनशक्ति बढाउँछ।

संरक्षण अवस्था:

पाँचऔंले संकटापन्न वनस्पतिहरूमा पर्छ, जसको कारणले गर्दा यसको सङ्कलन र व्यापारमा नेपाल सरकारले रोक लगाएको छ। यसको परिवार Orchidaceae CITIES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) को अनुसूची २ मा राखिएको छ, जसले यसको व्यापारलाई विश्वव्यापी रूपमा नियन्त्रित गर्दछ।

Introduction:

Panchaunle, popularly known as Marsh Orchid, is one of the herbs of enormous value which grows in the Himalayan region of Nepal. This perennial orchid grows up to 30 to 45 cm tall, having tuberous roots. The roots are palm-shaped, having finger-like lobes shaped like fingers. It has long lance-shaped leaves ranging from 5 to 30 cm in length and 2 to 4 cm in width. The flowers of Panchaunle are pretty and rosy-purple colored, darker variegated, and borne in terminal clusters.

Availability:

Panchaunle generally occurs between 2800 to 4200 meters in Nepal. The plant is common in open and moist grasslands, slopes, marshy areas, and forested regions with partial canopy. It is most abundant between 3800 to 4200 meters, hence a high-altitude plant, which finds an appropriate ecological niche in the cold, moist climates of the Himalayas.

Harvesting and Parts Used:

The rhizome or root of the Panchaunle plant constitutes the most important part as far as medicinal and commercial uses are concerned. Its fresh weight ranges from an average of about 2.5 grams, whereas the dried root has a weight of approximately 0.64 grams. Owing to its characteristic resemblance to the hand of the human body, the root is divided usually into 3 to 5 lobes, sometimes even up to 6.

Medicinal Properties and Uses:

Panchaunle rhizome possesses certain medicinal values. The drug is an expectorant, astringent, and demulcent, highly nutritious. The root is administered in a variety of ways, among them are: as a remedy softening and building vitality of the skin and as a natural tonic to give strength and vigor.

Some of its common medicinal uses are as follows:

Skin Softener: The herb is rejuvenative, maintains soft, youthful skin.

General Tonic for Weakness: This is widely used as a tonic in general weakness, fatigue, and lethargy.

Relieving Respiratory Conditions: Panchaunle root helps in relieving cough, bronchitis, and other respiratory conditions because of its expectant properties.

Digestive Aid: The decoction prepared from the root is administered in stomach disorders like indigestion and diarrhea.

Reproductive Health: According to traditional Tibetan medicine, it is an effective aphrodisiac that raises the level of reproduction by increased vitality and a rise in semen production.

Traditional Use:

It acts as an energetic rejuvenator and tonic in traditional medicine, especially within the Tibetan system of medicine. It is believed to activate life force, energy, and generally increase physical vitality; thus, it was prescribed for people who suffer from physical or mental exhaustion. For the arrest of bleeding and promotion of cicatrization, an external application made out of the powder of Panchaunle root can be prepared on wounds.

Method of Use:

In powdered form, it is dried, powdered, and taken with water or milk. As a routine, usually, it is taken very early in the morning to give them strength and freshness throughout the day. Decoction: The boiling of the root in water prepares a decoction that is very helpful for treating digestive disorders such as indigestion and stomach cramps. It can also be used as a home remedy for respiratory problems.

Topical Application: It is used topically as powder for the treatment of wounds and inflammatory conditions.

Conservation Status:

Panchaunle has been recorded as a critically endangered species in Nepal due to over-harvesting and destruction of habitat. Consequently, it has been banned by the Government of Nepal from being collected and traded on. The whole Orchidaceae family, to which Panchaunle belongs, is listed under Appendix II of CITES, which means international trade in this species is regulated with guarantee about its survival in the wild.

Commercial Importance:

Panchaunle possesses significant commercial importance due to its high medicinal value, ranging over a wide category of therapeutic areas. The trade of this plant, though banned, is still in demand in the traditional medicine market, both nationally and internationally. The plant is conserved because of its importance in the biodiversity linkage and also to continue the ethnopharmaceutical tradition in this region.

Panchaunle, which is widely known as a salep or marsh orchid, has been one of the most demanded Nepalese herbs for its medicinal value and traditional uses. However, it faces a serious threat from over-harvesting that may affect its survival; hence, its conservation for future generations is very important.

Reference

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