काकोली, वन लसुन (Snake's Head Fritillary) ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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काकोली, वन लसुन (Snake's Head Fritillary)

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काकोली, वन लसुन (Snake's Head Fritillary)

वैज्ञानिक नाम: Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don

परिवार: Liliaceae

परिचय:

काकोली, जसलाई नेपालमा वन लसुन भनेर चिनिन्छ, ७५ से.मी.

सम्म अग्लो हुने बहुवर्षीय झार प्रकारको वनस्पति हो। यो वनस्पति मुख्यतया नेपालका उच्च हिमाली क्षेत्रमा पाइन्छ र यसको औषधीय प्रयोगका लागि धेरै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ। यसको पातहरू लाम्चो र मसिनो हुन्छ। तल्लो पातहरू विपरित रूपमा लाग्छन् भने माथिल्लो पातहरू ३ देखि ५ वटा एकै ठाउँबाट पलाउँछन्। यसको डाँठ सिधा र हरियो हुन्छ, तर उमेरसँगै हल्का कलेजी-खैरो रंगको हुन्छ। काकोलीको फूल तलतिर फर्किएको हुन्छ र पहेंलो-हरियो रंगको साथै रातो-निलो छिटाहरूले भरिएको हुन्छ।

उपलब्धता र प्राकृतिक वितरण:

काकोली नेपालमा ३००० देखि ४५०० मिटरको उचाइमा खुला घाँसे मैदान र स–साना गुराँस र धुपीका झाडीहरूमा पाइन्छ। यो वनस्पति उच्च हिमाली क्षेत्रहरूमा पाइन्छ जहाँ चिसो तापक्रम र प्रशस्त घामको सन्तुलन हुन्छ। यो विशेष रूपमा नेपालको अन्नपूर्ण, लाङटाङ संरक्षण क्षेत्र र हिमालयका अन्य दुर्गम स्थानहरूमा पाइन्छ।

सङ्कलन समय र व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग:

• सङ्कलन समय: भदौदेखि असोजसम्म

• व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग: गानो (बलब) मुख्य व्यापारिक भाग हो।

प्रयोग, गुण, र फाइदाहरू:

काकोलीको गानो विभिन्न औषधीय गुणहरूका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यो विशेष गरी दम (अस्थमा), ब्रोनकाइटिस, र क्षयरोग (टीबी) जस्ता श्वासप्रश्वासका रोगहरूको उपचारमा प्रभावकारी मानिन्छ। यसका अन्य फाइदाहरू यसप्रकार छन्:

• दम (अस्थमा): काकोलीको गानो श्वासप्रश्वास प्रणालीलाई खुला राख्न मद्दत गर्छ, जसले दमका बिरामीलाई राहत पुर्याउँछ।

• ब्रोनकाइटिस: यो बोटले श्वासनलीमा हुने सुजनलाई कम गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।

• क्षयरोग (टीबी): काकोली शरीरको प्रतिरक्षा प्रणालीलाई बलियो बनाउँछ, जसले क्षयरोगजस्ता दीर्घकालीन रोगहरूमा फाइदा पुर्याउँछ।

संरक्षण अवस्था वा व्यापारिक महत्त्व:

काकोलीलाई CAMP Vulnerable सूचीमा राखिएको छ, जसले यसको संरक्षणमा ध्यान दिनुपर्ने आवश्यकता औंल्याउँछ।

Kakoli, popularly known as Ban Lasun in the Nepalese name, is a perennial herb that grows up to 75 cm in height. It belongs to the family Liliaceae and is mainly found in the high-altitude regions of the Himalayas. Because of its medicinal values, it holds immense importance in traditional medicine; especially in countries like Nepal, Tibet, and India.

The leaves of the plant are long, linear, and thin. The lower leaves are oppositely arranged, while the upper leaves grow in a whorl of 3 to 5 leaves meeting at one point. It possesses a slender stem; it is green when young, and turns somewhat reddish-brown as it matures. It bears a solitary, drooping flower ranging in color from yellowish-green with purplish-red spots, adding to its uniqueness. This solitary flower hangs downward, adding to its snake-head-like appearance, hence the common English name "Snake's Head Fritillary."

Availability and Natural Distribution in Nepal:

Kakoli occurs at elevations from 3,000 to 4,500 meters, especially in the high-altitude grasslands and shrublands of the Nepalese Himalayas. It grows well in the open areas between Rhododendron (Gurans) and Juniper (Dhupi) bushes where the surrounding atmosphere provides coolness with enough sunlight. It is usually found in the Annapurna and Langtang conservation areas and, in the high reaches of the eastern and western Himalayas that are hardly explored.

This rare, high-altitude plant shows its presence only in such microhabitats that have a combination of proper soil, moisture, and altitude. Because of its limited natural distribution and high demand, Kakoli is susceptible to high-pressure gathering.

The time of collection, therefore, is any time from September to October of the year when flowers have fallen and seeds are disseminated. This period is considered ideal, as before digging, the plant has already finished its cycle of growth, including the reproductive phase, for the highly valued underground part.

Part of the plant used in trade: The bulb is the chief part of the plant used in trade. The bulb resembles a clove of Garlic. This bulb is highly valued for its medicinal properties and is often exported to neighboring countries, more specifically to Tibet, where it has been in use for many years in indigenous medicine.

General Description of the Traded Part:

Kakoli resembles a clove of garlic in appearance but is smaller and slightly longer. The dried, dehydrated bulb is light brown to whitish with slight shrinkage. It has a brittle texture and is accompanied by an extremely pungent, sharp smell. It finds its application due to the bitter taste it possesses, which is far more powerful than ordinary garlic. It also has at its base thin, fibrous roots, which are often removed during processing.

Dried bulb: A little more compact than the ordinary garlic clove, the medicinal value is given by its active principles, possibly through anti-inflammatory and boosting action. The bulbs are collected from the fields, cleaned, and dried before being sold in markets or exported for medicinal purposes.

Uses, Properties, and Benefits:

In Ayurveda and Tibetan medicine, Kakoli is highly valued especially in the treatment of respiratory disorders, including bronchitis, asthma, and tuberculosis. The bulb is used dry or in powdered form, and application is oral in therapeutic formulations or as a decoction by boiling.

Asthma: The active principles of Kakoli are believed to promote breathing by dilating the airways, thus giving relief to persons who suffer from asthma. Bronchitis: It reduces inflammation in the bronchi, thereby alleviating overall symptoms of cough, tightness of the chest, and wheezing. Tuberculosis: Kakoli has been used since time immemorial as an adjuvant to the therapy of tuberculosis because it increases immunity and therefore prevents respiratory infections.

Apart from these respiratory disorders, Kakoli is used as a general tonic to generally enhance the vitality and strength in the body and help in boosting the body's immunity. It has been considered a herb with a cooling action; hence, it finds its role in diseases resulting from heat and inflammation within the body.

Conservation Status or Commercial Importance:

Kakoli, as per the CAMP system, is listed as vulnerable, which states that unless proper conservation measures are not taken seriously, it is highly at risk to fall under the endangered species. Due to high demand for medicinal purposes and limited natural distribution, the local collectors and traders try to over-harvest it from high-altitude areas of Nepal to gain financially from its sale.

Its protection from overexploitation requires further conservation measures in the form of inclusion of sustainable use of the herb, habitat protection, and cultivation programs. The government of Nepal and other conservation organizations have taken initiatives to save this valuable herb, but much work is required to be done if the survival of Kakoli in the wild has to be ensured.

Reference

Hindi To Nepali Dictionary Words Starting From बो

100 Common Nepali Slang Words with Hindi Translation: A Fun Guide to Understanding Nepali Conversations

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Daily Hindi Sentences for Kids with Nepali Translations: A Simple Guide

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Daily Use Hindi Sentences for Parents with Nepali Meanings: A Guide for Everyday Conversations

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Essential Daily Sentences for Market Conversations: Hindi to Nepali and Vice-Versa

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