Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina): सर्पगन्धा A Natural Remedy for Hypertension and Nervous Disorders – Benefits, Uses, and Conservation ~ NepalAyurveds.com

Thursday

Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina): सर्पगन्धा A Natural Remedy for Hypertension and Nervous Disorders – Benefits, Uses, and Conservation

सर्पगन्धा, जसलाई वैज्ञानिक नाम Rauwolfia serpentina द्वारा चिनिन्छ, एक महत्वपूर्ण औषधीय बिरुवा हो जुन Apocynaceae परिवारमा

पर्छ। यसलाई नेपाली भाषामा सर्पगन्धा र अंग्रेजीमा इंडियन स्नेक रूट वा Rauwolfia Root भनिन्छ। यो सदाबहार झाडी ९० से.मी. सम्म अग्लो हुन्छ, र छाँयामा राम्रोसँग वृद्धि गर्छ। यो बिरुवामा चम्किलो र लामो पातहरू, साना सेता-गुलावी फूलहरू, र खैरो बाक्लो बोक्रा हुन्छ। नेपालको विभिन्न क्षेत्रहरूमा पाइने यो बिरुवा औषधीय गुणहरूका लागि प्रसिद्ध छ, जसले यसलाई पारम्परिक र आधुनिक दुवै औषधिमा महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान दिएको छ।

नेपालमा उपलब्धता र प्राकृतिक वितरण

सर्पगन्धा नेपालका पूर्वदेखि पश्चिमसम्म १०० देखि ८०० मिटरको उचाइमा पाइन्छ। यो प्रायः साल (Shorea robusta), हर्रो (Terminalia chebula), बर्रो (Terminalia bellirica), अस्ना (Terminalia alata), सिसौ (Dalbergia sissoo), खयर (Acacia catechu), र ईन्द्रजौ (Holarrhena pubescens) जस्ता बिरुवाहरू भएको जङ्गलमा पाइन्छ। यो बिरुवा विशेष गरी छाँयामा बढ्ने भएकाले पुनःउत्पादन भएको चिसो, ओत परेको जङ्गलमा राम्रोसँग वृद्धि गर्दछ।

संकलन समय र व्यापारमा प्रयोग हुने भाग

सर्पगन्धाको मुख्य औषधीय भाग यसको जरा हो, जुन औषधि बनाउनको लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको जरा कात्तिकदेखि फागुनसम्म संकलन गरिन्छ। व्यापारको लागि, जरालाई प्रायः १० देखि १५ से.मी. लामो टुक्रामा काटेर बेचिन्छ। जराहरू पहेंलो-खैरो, गन्धरहित र स्वादमा तितो हुन्छन्। खाँदा यसको भित्री भाग सेतो हुन्छ र मुख बटार्ने स्वादको हुन्छ।

गुणहरू र सक्रिय रसायनहरू

सर्पगन्धा रिसर्पाइन (reserpine) नामक शक्तिशाली रसायनको स्रोत हो, जसले उच्च रक्तचाप घटाउन र नसा सम्बन्धी समस्याहरू ठीक गर्न महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ। यसमा अजमलिन (ajmaline), सर्पिन (serpentine), र राफिनामिन (raufinamine) जस्ता अल्कलाइडहरू पनि पाइन्छन्, जसले यसलाई हाइपोटेन्सिभ (रक्तचाप घटाउने), सिडेटिभ (शान्ति दिने) र एण्टि-आङ्क्सायटी (चिन्तामुक्त गर्ने) औषधिका रूपमा प्रभावकारी बनाउँछ।

औषधीय लाभहरू र प्रयोगहरू

सर्पगन्धाको औषधीय गुणहरू निकै प्रभावकारी छन्, जसले यसलाई परम्परागत र आधुनिक औषधिमा महत्त्वपूर्ण बनाएको छ। यहाँ यसका प्रमुख प्रयोगहरू विवरणमा दिइएका छन्:

१. उच्च रक्तचापको उपचार

सर्पगन्धाको सबैभन्दा प्रसिद्ध प्रयोग उच्च रक्तचाप घटाउनमा हुन्छ। यसको रिसर्पाइन रसायनले रक्तनलीलाई आराम दिन्छ, जसले रक्तचाप घटाउन मद्दत गर्दछ। यो विशेष गरी ती अवस्थामा प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जहाँ कृत्रिम औषधिहरू प्रभावकारी हुँदैनन्।

२. नसा र मानसिक रोगहरू

सर्पगन्धा अनिद्रा, चिन्ता, र मन्द मानसिक रोगहरूको उपचारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको सिडेटिभ गुणले मस्तिष्कलाई शान्त पार्न मद्दत गर्छ, जसले अनिद्राको उपचार गर्न र चिन्ता कम गर्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ। यो सिजोफ्रेनिया जस्ता मानसिक रोगहरूमा पनि लाभदायक मानिन्छ।

३. गर्भावस्था र सुत्केरी पीडा

परम्परागत विश्वास अनुसार, सुत्केरी समयमा सर्पगन्धाको जराको सानो भाग खाँदा प्रसव प्रक्रिया छिटो हुन्छ। यसको मांसपेशीलाई संकुचित गर्ने क्षमता छ, जसले प्रसवलाई सहज बनाउन सहयोग पुर्याउँछ।

४. पाचन स्वास्थ्य: झाडापखाला र आउँ

सर्पगन्धाको जरा रसले झाडापखाला र आउँ निको पार्न मद्दत गर्छ। यसको एन्टिब्याक्टेरियल र एन्टिमाइक्रोबियल गुणहरूले पाचन प्रणालीको सन्तुलन कायम राख्छ।

५. आँखाको स्वास्थ्य

सर्पगन्धाको पातको रस आँखा सम्बन्धी समस्याहरूको उपचारमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यो आँखामा लागेको जालो हटाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ र यसले आँखाका विभिन्न संक्रमणहरूमा पनि सहयोग पुर्याउँछ।

६. सर्पको टोकाइ र विषको उपचार

सर्पगन्धा परम्परागत रूपमा सर्पको टोकाइ र अन्य विषालु अवस्थाहरूमा प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि यो आधुनिक समयमा कम प्रयोग हुने भए पनि, यो परम्परागत रूपमा विष उपचारमा महत्त्वपूर्ण थियो।

सर्पगन्धाको प्रयोग विधि

उच्च रक्तचापको लागि: सर्पगन्धाको जरा धुलो सानो मात्रामा (५०-१०० मिलिग्राम) दैनिक लिइन्छ, प्रायः चिकित्सकको सल्लाहमा मात्र।

नसा सम्बन्धी समस्याहरूको लागि: सर्पगन्धाको जरा रस सिडेटिभको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। १-२ ग्राम जरा धुलो तातो पानीसँग लिई निद्रा र मानसिक शान्तिको लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

झाडापखालाको लागि: सर्पगन्धाको जरा रस (१०-१५ मिलिलिटर) सिधै लिइन्छ वा पानीसँग मिसाएर पिउन सकिन्छ।

आँखाको लागि: सर्पगन्धाको पातको रसलाई आँखामा (१-२ थोपा) राखेर आँखा सम्बन्धी समस्याहरूको उपचार गरिन्छ।

सचेतता र प्रतिबन्धहरू

सर्पगन्धाको प्रयोग केही अवस्थाहरूमा सचेत भएर गर्नु पर्छ:

दम, खोकी वा अल्सर भएका बिरामीहरूले यस बिरुवाको प्रयोग गर्नु हुँदैन, किनकि यसले लक्षणहरू बिगार्न सक्छ।

लामो समयसम्म सर्पगन्धाको प्रयोग गर्दा अवसाद वा थकान हुन सक्छ, त्यसैले चिकित्सकको निगरानीमा मात्र प्रयोग गर्नु उचित हुन्छ।

गर्भवती महिलाहरूले सर्पगन्धा प्रयोग गर्दा चिकित्सकसँग सल्लाह लिनु पर्छ, किनकि यसले गर्भाशयको संकुचनमा असर गर्न सक्छ।

संरक्षणको अवस्था

सर्पगन्धा लोपोन्मुख प्रजातिमा पर्दछ, जसका कारण यसको संरक्षण आवश्यक छ। नेपाल सरकारले यसको खेती र संरक्षणलाई प्राथमिकता दिएको छ र यसलाई कच्चा रूपमा विदेश निर्यातमा प्रतिवन्ध लगाएको छ। यो CITES को अनुसूची II मा पर्ने भएकाले यसको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय व्यापार नियन्त्रित छ। IUCN ले यसलाई लोपोन्मुख सूचीमा राखेको छ, जसले यसको महत्त्वपूर्ण संरक्षण आवश्यक छ।

व्यापारिक महत्त्व

सर्पगन्धाको व्यावसायिक महत्त्व अत्यधिक छ, किनकि यसले परम्परागत आयुर्वेदिक औषधि र आधुनिक औषधि उद्योगमा महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ। विशेष गरी रिसर्पाइनको उच्च मागका कारण यसको निर्यातमा ठूलो चासो बढेको छ। नेपालमा स्थानीय रूपमा प्रशोधन गरेर यसलाई निर्यात गर्ने नीति लागू गरिएको छ, जसले यस प्राकृतिक स्रोतबाट नेपाललाई अधिक फाइदा दिन्छ।

सर्पगन्धा एक अद्वितीय औषधीय बिरुवा हो, जसले उच्च रक्तचाप, नसा सम्बन्धी रोगहरू, र पाचन समस्याहरूको उपचारमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ। यसको संरक्षण अनिवार्य छ ताकि भविष्यमा पनि यसका लाभहरू उपयोग गर्न सकियोस्। यसलाई टिकाउ ढंगले खेती गर्ने र यसको महत्त्वबारे जनचेतना फैलाउनुपर्ने आवश्यकता छ।

Sarpagandha, or else Rauwolfia Serpentina, is a valuable medicinal plant that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. The Indian snakeroot is a small evergreen shrub that grows up to 90 cm in height; it is fond of shade and coolness, avoiding the direct sun. Characteristic for this plant are the oblong leaves with glossy looks, together with the white and pink clustered flowers and brown rough bark. Due to its great health potency, this plant is of immense importance in the traditional and current medicine of Nepal. It has a wide distribution in Nepal, from which its natural availability and distribution in Nepal can easily be assessed.

Sarpagandha is distributed over most parts of Nepal from 100 to 800 meters elevation and extends from eastern to western Nepal. The species preferably grows in Shorea robusta (Sal), Terminalia chebula (Harro), and Terminalia bellirica (Barro) dominated forests, also Dalbergia sissoo (Sissoo), Acacia catechu (Khair), and Holarrhena pubescens. It prefers shade, moist, and cool areas of the forest; hence, it is often encountered in regeneration forests with very little penetration of direct sunlight.

Harvesting Time and Parts Used in Trade

The most sort after parts of Sarpagandha for medicinal purposes are the roots. Roots of Sarpagandha are collected in November to March when the active principles are most concentrated. In the trade market, the roots are usually available in pieces of 10 to 15 cm long. These roots are yellowish-brown, having an inner part white and bitter upon consumption.

Properties and Active Compounds

Sarpagandha is highly recognized for its constituent containing a range of alkaloids, among which reserpine takes a leading role. Reserpine has been immensely useful in hypertension and soothing nervous systems. This constituent-reserpine-made this plant renowned in the pharmaceutical industry. It also contains ajamaline, serpentine, and raufinamine, which are responsible for the hypotensive, sedative, anti-anxiety action of the drug.

Pharmacological Uses and Medicinal Applications

Sarpagandha has many medicinal uses, which make it a very useful herbal plant both in ancient and modern medicine. The uses of sarpagandha are given in detail below.

1. Treatment of Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

The main indication of Sarpagandha is the management of high blood pressure. Reserpine constituent relaxes the blood vessels, which in turn reduce tension on the walls of the artery, thus managing high blood pressure. It is more effective in those cases when synthetic medicines are either ineffective or unsuitable to use.

2. Nervous Disorders and Mental Health

Traditionally, this plant is utilized in the management of nervous disorders such as insomnia, anxiety, and even mild psychosis. It helps induce sleep and is very useful in schizophrenia patients. The smoothening effect it has by relieving tension makes Sarpagandha particularly useful in stress-related conditions.

3. Pregnancy and Childbirth

Traditional practices go to the extent of claiming that even a small amount of Sarpagandha root taken in during labor will accelerate the delivery process. This application could be credited to the influence of the plant on muscular contractions for easier, smooth deliveries.

4. Digestive Health: Diarrhea and Dysentery

It has been in wide references for the extraction of its juice from the root for diarrhea and dysentery. The extract cleanses the digestive system from disease-causing germs. Its antibacterial and antimicrobial properties make it very significant in treating digestive disorders.

5. Ocular Health

Sarpagandha leaf juice is administered in infections of the eye, for the breaking of "webs" or films that sometimes form over the eye, hence useful in conjunctivitis and other eye irritations.

Snake Bites and Poisoning

The name itself implies that the herb Sarpagandha was utilized as a traditional solution for snake bites and other types of poisoning. This application is relatively uncommon in current times, although in ancient times, it held an excellent reputation in areas particularly affected by snake bites.

Dosage of Sarpagandha

For Hypertension: The root powder is administered in small amounts of 50-100 mg per day and is frequently recommended under medical supervision due to its potent effect.

Nervous Disorders: The extract of the root is used as a narcotic. About 1-2 grams of powdered root may be taken with warm water before bedtime for inducing sleep and calming of the mind.

Diarrhea: Juice of the root-about 10-15 ml-may be taken directly or diluted with water for quick relief from stomach infection.

For Eye Health: The juice of the leaves can be instilled into the eyes as eye drops in quantities of 1-2 drops, which help to remove the film on the eyes.

Precaution and Contraindications

Though this plant possesses a multitude of benefits, consumption of Sarpagandha in some conditions needs to be exercised with caution:

Astlmatic patients, cough patients and stomach ulcer patients cannot use this drug since it will exacerbate these conditions.

It should not be used continuously for a long time without medical supervision as its prolonged intake has been known to cause depression or lethargy.

It is advisable to use Sarpagandha during pregnancy only in a healthcare provider's advice as it being an uterine stimulant, may affect contractions.

Conservation Status

It is classified as an endangered species due to overharvesting and habitat destruction. The Government of Nepal prioritizes its cultivation and conservation by exerting strict regulations against its export in an uncontrolled manner. It falls under Appendix II of CITES, indicating its international trade is restricted except under proper regulation. Its conservation in Nepal will play a vital role in preserving the plant species for future generations.

Commercial Importance

The reason being that Sarpagandha contributes immensely to several commercial applications due to its wide acceptance as a medicine both in traditional Ayurveda and modern pharmaceuticals. Global demand for reserpine is in a demanding state; hence, the resource is much sought after, and accordingly, interest has been growing with sustainable cultivation and domestic processing of this plant within the Nepalese boundaries. Because of this, exporting raw, unprocessed roots is forbidden, so that such industries are established within and the country benefits from its own resources.

Conclusion

Sarpagandha is quite a unique plant due to its wide medicinal properties, especially in the treatment of hypertension, nervous disorders, and digestive problems. The species' conservation will help future generations make use of its potent powers of healing. It can be conserved through sustainable practices combined with enhanced awareness of its benefits in preserving it as a valuable resource for years to come.

Reference

Hindi To Nepali Dictionary Words Starting From बो

100 Common Nepali Slang Words with Hindi Translation: A Fun Guide to Understanding Nepali Conversations

Bridging Cultures: Daily Use Hindi Sentences in Parties with Nepali Meaning

Daily Hindi Sentences for Kids with Nepali Translations: A Simple Guide

Daily Office Sentences: Essential Hindi-Nepali Translations for Everyday Use

Daily Use Hindi Sentences for Parents with Nepali Meanings: A Guide for Everyday Conversations

Daily Use Hindi Sentences for Students with Nepali Meaning

Essential Daily Sentences for Market Conversations: Hindi to Nepali and Vice-Versa

find word you want

https://easyayurveds.com/ayurvedic-medicine-for-common-cold/

https://easyayurveds.com/ayurvedic-medicine-for-weight-loss/