Satuwa (Love Apple): सतुवा Benefits, Uses, and Conservation of a Rare Medicinal Herb Found in Nepal ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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Satuwa (Love Apple): सतुवा Benefits, Uses, and Conservation of a Rare Medicinal Herb Found in Nepal

परिचयः

सतुवा (Paris polyphylla) नेपालमा पाइने बहुवर्षीय वनस्पति हो, जसलाई अंग्रेजीमा

‘Love Apple’ भनिन्छ। सतुवा करिब ५० से.मी. उचाइसम्म पुग्ने झार वर्गको वनस्पति हो। यसको जरा (प्रकन्द) कडा र लाम्चो हुन्छ, जमिनमुनि फैलिने गर्दछ। यसको पातहरू ४ देखि ९ वटा हुन्छन्, जुन सिधा डाँठको माथिल्लो भागमा एकै ठाउँबाट पलाउने गर्छ। सतुवाका पातहरू १४ देखि १६ से.मी. लामो र ४ देखि ६ से.मी. चौडा हुन्छन्। पातको टुप्पो चुच्चो आकारको हुन्छ, जसले यसलाई सजिलै चिनिन्छ।

उपलब्धताः

सतुवा नेपालका पहाडी क्षेत्रहरूमा १८०० देखि ३३०० मिटरको उचाइमा पाइन्छ। यो विशेष गरेर उत्तर फर्केको सेपिलो पाखा, ओसिलो ठाउँहरूमा पाउने गरिन्छ, जहाँ खोल्साखोल्सीको किनारमा यसको उपस्थिति देख्न सकिन्छ। यसले चिसो र आद्र भूमिमा राम्रोसँग वृद्धि गर्ने भएकाले ओसिलो जंगलमा यसको व्यापकता बढी हुन्छ।

सङ्कलन समयः

सतुवाको प्रकन्द असोजदेखि कात्तिक महिनासम्म सङ्कलन गरिन्छ। यसको मुख्य भाग यसको जरा हो, जुन व्यापारका लागि महत्वपूर्ण छ। सङ्कलन गर्दा जमिनको केही भागमा साना जराहरू छोड्नुपर्छ, ताकि यसले पुनः विकास गर्न सकोस् र यसको अस्तित्व कायम रहोस्।

व्यापारमा आउने भागः प्रकन्द

प्रकन्द (जरा) व्यापारको लागि उपयोग गरिने प्रमुख भाग हो। सतुवाको जरा बाहिरी भाग कडा हुन्छ, जसमा हल्का खैरो र सेतो गोलाकार चिन्हहरू देख्न सकिन्छ। भित्री भाग भने सेतो रंगको हुन्छ, र यसलाई चपाउँदा धुलो जस्तो बन्ने गर्छ। प्रकन्दको व्यास लगभग १ से.मी. हुन्छ भने लम्बाई ५ देखि ८ से.मी. सम्म पुग्न सक्छ। यसको जरामा स–साना जराहरू पनि हुन्छन्।

सतुवाको औषधीय प्रयोगः

सतुवालाई विभिन्न औषधीय कार्यहरूमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसको प्रकन्दलाई घाउ वा चोट लागेको ठाउँमा आयोडिनको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ, जसले छालामा हुने संक्रमणलाई रोक्न मद्दत पुर्याउँछ। यसलाई जुका (कृमिहरू) मार्न पनि उपयोग गरिन्छ। सतुवाको गानो तातोपानीमा पकाएर खाँदा शरीरलाई शक्तिशाली बनाउने गुण हुन्छ। यसले जन्डिसको उपचारमा पनि महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्न सक्छ। सतुवा डायोसजेनिन नामक औषधिको विकल्पको रूपमा पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जसलाई हर्मोनल समस्या र अन्य विभिन्न रोगहरूको उपचारमा उपयोग गरिन्छ।

संरक्षण अवस्था:

सतुवाको राष्ट्रिय र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय व्यापार निकै उच्च छ, जसले गर्दा यसको अस्तित्व संकटमा परेको छ। यसको जरा औषधीय गुणका कारण अत्यधिक व्यापारमा ल्याइने भएकोले यसको संरक्षणको आवश्यकता देखिएको छ। सतुवा नेपालको CAMP Vulnerable सूचीमा परेको छ, जुन यसको दुर्लभता र अत्यधिक सङ्कलनका कारण हो। संरक्षणको लागि यसलाई राम्रोसँग व्यवस्थापन गर्न आवश्यक छ।

Introduction:

Satuwa, also known as Paris polyphylla, falls under the category of a plant under the Liliaceae family and is typically known to people as the Love Apple. It is a herb with the height reaching up to 50 cm. The plant possesses a rhizome that is hard, dark brown, and horizontally set. Its leaves are whorled at the apex of the stem, usually 4 to 9, and can be recognized by this characteristic. Lance-shaped, 14 to 16 cm long, and 4 to 6 cm wide, the tip of the leaves is pointed and dark green in color.

Availability in Nepal:

Satuwa is found in Nepal between altitudes of 1800 to 3300 meters, although its most ideal habitat is shady, moist, and humus-rich soil. It thrives under a forest canopy, especially in north-facing slopes along streams where the environment is comparatively cool and damp. In general, this plant prefers shady, moist conditions; therefore, it is rather common in sub-mountainous and mountainous regions of Nepal.

Harvesting Time:

Generally, Satuwa rhizomes are collected from October to November of every year. The rhizome is the most valuable part of this plant used in trade. The collection should be done with very much care for its sustainability-a part of the root system should be left on the ground to regenerate. This would keep the population of this plant intact in its natural habitat and would conserve it.

Parts Used in Trade: Rhizome

The rhizome of Satuwa is the main traded part for medicinal purposes. The bark of the rhizome is hard, slightly brown in color, and has ring-like markings. The inner part is white and turns into dust when chewed. There are also small roots attached to the main rhizome. Generally, the diameter of the rhizome is about 1 cm, and its length is 5 to 8 cm.

Medicinal Use and Benefits of Satuwa:

Satuwa is a drug of wide spectra in view of which the following uses are included for the rhizome:

Wound Healing: The rhizome is used as tincture iodine in treating cuts and wounds. It helps disinfect the affected area and prevents infection, thus helping in faster healing.

Anthelmintic Properties: It finds application in killing worms and parasites within the body and is hence used in the treatment of parasitic infections.

Energy Boosting: Its consumption boiled in water acts as an energy tonic, as the rhizome rejuvenates and revitalizes the body.

Alternative to Diosgenin: Satuwa is a substitute for the chemical substance diosgenin used in steroid production. Thus, this drug is beneficial when hormonal imbalance ailments and diseases of the reproductive system are being treated.

Jaundice Treatment: Rhizome Satuwa is used in traditional formulations to cure jaundice. It purifies the liver and recovers this liver disease.

Preparation and Usage Methods:

For Wounds and Cuts: The rhizome can be powdered or made into a tincture to apply on wounds to make them antiseptic.

To Treat Parasites: Powdered forms or decoction can be given to help remove parasites from the body.

Energy Boost: Boil the rhizome in water and then consume it as a decoction to enhance your stamina and vitality.

For Jaundice: It is made by decoction from the rhizome in the treatment of liver-related diseases like jaundice.

Conservation Status:

Satuwa has been reported to be threatened due to over-exploitation because of high demand for the species in national and international markets. The plant is presently recorded as vulnerable by CAMP, indicating that immediate conservation action is required. It runs a great risk of extinction should collection continue unsustainably without proper habitat management.

Conclusion:

Satuwa is also one of the most essential plants based on medicinal value, whereby rhizome activities stretch from wound healing to energetic enhancement; therefore, it has become an important constituent in traditional herbal medicine. Its population is declining due to over-harvesting, hence calling for conservation attention. If the sustainable use and management can be guaranteed, Satuwa will continue offering its therapeutic benefits even to future generations.

Reference

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