बोझो (Sweet Flag) ~ NepalAyurveds.com

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बोझो (Sweet Flag)

बैज्ञानिक नाम: Acorus calamus L.

परिवार: Araceae

परिचय:

बोझो (Sweet Flag) एक सुगन्धित बहुवर्षीय (धेरै वर्ष बाँच्ने) वनस्पति हो जसको उचाई १ मिटरसम्म हुन सक्छ। यो विशेषगरी दलदले जमिन, नदी किनार, र

सिम क्षेत्रमा पाइन्छ। यसको पात लामो, हरियो, र भालाकार हुन्छ, जसको बीचको नशा स्पष्ट देख्न सकिन्छ। बोझोको फुलहरू वैशाखदेखि जेठसम्म फुल्दछन् भने फलहरू साउनदेखि भदौसम्म लाग्छन्।

उपलब्धता:

नेपालमा बोझो ५०० देखि २३०० मिटरको उचाईसम्मका दलदले र भिजेको जमिनमा पाइन्छ। यो विशेषगरी छिपछिपे पानी भएको क्षेत्रमा प्रशस्त मात्रामा फैलिएको हुन्छ।

व्यापारमा आउने भाग:

बोझोको व्यापारमा मुख्य रूपमा जमिनमुनिको काण्ड (rhizome) प्रयोग हुन्छ। यो काण्ड ०.६ देखि २ से.मी. मोटाइको र लगभग १ मिटर लामो हुन्छ, जसको बाहिरी भाग फिक्का सुन्तला-खैरो रंगको हुन्छ र भित्री भाग गुलाबी सेतो रंगको हुन्छ। यसको स्वाद तितो र पिरो हुन्छ।

सङ्कलन समय:

भदौदेखि माघसम्म बोझोको काण्ड संकलन गरिन्छ, जुन व्यापारमा निकै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ।

प्रयोग:

बोझोको प्रयोग धेरै प्रकारले गरिन्छ। घरमा अन्नलाई सुरक्षित राख्न यसलाई प्राकृतिक कीटनाशकको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। साथै, यसको जरा औषधीय गुणले भरिपूर्ण हुन्छ र विभिन्न स्वास्थ्य समस्याहरूमा लाभदायी हुन्छ। खोकी, चिसो, घाँटीको घाउ, झाडापखाला, ज्वरो, र दाँत दुखाइको उपचारमा यसको प्रयोग हुन्छ। यो दिमागको टनिकको रूपमा पनि मानिन्छ। धूप बनाउने उद्योगमा पनि बोझोको प्रयोग हुन्छ। बोझोबाट Calamus oil निकालिन्छ, जसको विभिन्न औषधीय र व्यावसायिक महत्त्व छ।

संरक्षणको अवस्था:

नेपाल सरकारले बोझोलाई खेती गर्न र यसको संरक्षण गर्न प्राथमिकता दिएको छ। यसको औषधीय र व्यावसायिक महत्त्वलाई ध्यानमा राख्दै यसलाई संरक्षण गर्ने प्रयास भइरहेको छ।

Introduction:

Sweet Flag is an aromatic perennial that grows up to one meter in height. It generally occurs in marshy, wet land areas. Its preferred habitats are the banks of rivers and water-logged fields. Leaves are long, glabrous, 40-150 cm long, narrow, sword-shaped, with a prominent midrib. Flowers small, cylindrical; flowers from May to June and fruits from August to September.

Availability:

Bhojo grows from 500 to 2300 meters altitude in Nepal, especially in wet and marshy areas. Its natural distribution is common in water-logged soils and along riverbanks.

Part used in Trade:

The main traded part of Bhojo is its rhizome-a thick underground stem. The rhizome can grow up to 1 meter long, with a diameter of 0.6 to 2 cm. The external layer of the rhizome is light orange-brown, and the internal portion is pinkish white. The taste of Bhojo's rhizome is bitter with a numbing sensation. The roots are mainly divided into two types: white-rooted Bhojo found in irrigated or cultivated areas, and black-rooted Bhojo found in the wild is considered superior.

Harvesting Time:

The best time for its harvesting is between September to February when the rhizome is fully grown up and aromatic.

Uses:

Bhojo has several applications since it is used in traditional medicine as well as folk remedy:

Organic Insecticide: Bhojo conserves the grains from insects being used in every household. The pungent smell it emits keeps the insects away, hence acting as an insecticide.

Medicinal Properties:

Respiratory Health: Bhojo is used for treating cough and cold; the soothing effects of it help in relieving congestion in the chest and other respiratory problems.

Digestive Health: It is quite effective for dysentery and digestive issues like diarrhea.

Fever and Infection: It reduces fever, hence its consumption, and this spice heals throat wounds and infections too.

Toothache: The roots of Bhojo are chewed to cure toothache pains and gum pain.

Brain Tonic: It is believed that Bhojo acts as a brain tonic and enhances memory and intellectual capabilities. Commercial Applications

Manufacturing Incense: It finds a broad application in the manufacture of incense due to its fragrance. Its aroma has been believed to be soothing to produce a sense of relaxation and concentration.

Calamus oil: The rhizome of Bhojo is distilled to get the Calamus oil, which is in use by cosmetics and perfumes and herbal medicine. This oil is used for the soothing anti-inflammatory and antiseptic action.

Conservation Status:

Bhojo is one of the important herbs in traditional and modern medicinal practices; due to its high utilization, it falls into the category of conservation priority. The Government of Nepal has recognized its importance; therefore, it has implemented cultivation and conservation measures. Efforts are being made to incentivize farmers in order for them to grow Bhojo as a means of securing its continued availability and protection of the wild populations from over-harvesting.

Conclusion:

Bhojo, a treasure of Nepal, is one of the most valued herbs in bearing various medicinal values and cultural importance. Bhojo is an important herb because its uses are believed to be very significant in traditional medicine, natural insecticides, and also in commercial products. Its conservation is necessary to ensure future generations have access to this ever-valuable resource while its use is propagated sustainably.

Reference

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