यो १५००-४००० मिटरमा खेती गरिन्छ । यसको खेती शीतोष्ण क्षेत्रमा लेकतिर हुन्छ । पुसतिर कलमी विधिले बिरुवा तयार गरी फैलाउनुपर्छ । यो चैत्र बैशाखमा फुल्ने २०-३० फिट अग्लो रूख असोजतिर पाक्छ । यो कलमी गरेको ३ वर्षमा फल्छ, आरुझैँ हलक्कै बढ्छ, एउटा रूखबाट १० किलो उत्पादन हुन्छ । यो भिटामिन
परिचय
कागजी
बदाम (Prunus
amygdalus) एक पौष्टिक तथा औषधीय गुण
भएको फल हो। यो
शीतोष्ण जलवायु भएका क्षेत्रमा उत्पादन
हुने प्रसिद्ध फल हो। यसको
बीजलाई बदाम भनिन्छ, जुन
स्वास्थ्यका लागि धेरै फाइदाजनक
मानिन्छ। नेपालमा यसको खेती पहाडी
क्षेत्रमा गरिन्छ भने विश्वभर यसको
व्यापारिक महत्त्व रहेको छ। बदाममा भिटामिन,
मिनरल, प्रोटीन र स्वस्थ फ्याट
पाइन्छ, जसले गर्दा यो
मानिसहरूको आहाराको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अंश
हो।
नेपाल र अन्य देशमा
उपलब्धता
नेपालमा
कागजी बदाम मध्य पहाडी
क्षेत्र (१५००–४००० मिटर)
मा उत्पादन हुन्छ। खासगरी मनाङ, मुस्ताङ, डोल्पा, जुम्ला, रसुवा जस्ता जिल्लाहरूमा यसको खेती गरिन्छ।
विश्वभर यसको खेती अमेरिका
(क्यालिफोर्निया), स्पेन, इरान, अफगानिस्तान, र भारत (काश्मीर)
जस्ता देशहरूमा हुन्छ। क्यालिफोर्नियाले विश्वको सबैभन्दा धेरै बदाम उत्पादन
गर्छ।
शारीरिक गुणहरू
- कागजी बदामको रूख २०–३० फिट अग्लो हुन्छ।
- यसको पात हरियो, फूल सेतो वा गुलाफी रंगको हुन्छ।
- फल असोजमा पाक्छ र यसको बाहिरी भाग कडा खोल भित्र मुलायम बीज (बदाम) हुन्छ।
- बदामको स्वाद मीठो र पौष्टिक हुन्छ।
औषधीय गुणहरू
- स्मरणशक्ति बढाउने: बदाममा भिटामिन 'ई' र अन्य एन्टिअक्सिडेन्टहरू पाइन्छन् जसले दिमागको क्षमता बढाउँछ।
- आँखाको स्वास्थ्य: यसमा पाइने विटामिन 'ई' ले आँखाको दिव्यता बढाउँछ।
- शरीर पुष्टिकरण: प्रोटीन, स्वस्थ फ्याट, र भिटामिनले युक्त भएकोले यो दुब्ला मानिसहरूलाई मोटाउन मद्दत गर्छ।
- मांसपेशी र नसाहरूको लागि फाइदाजनक: यसले मांसपेशी र नसाहरूको सञ्चार प्रणालीलाई मजबूत बनाउँछ।
- दर्द निवारक: शरीरको दर्द, चोटपटक लागेको बेला बदामको तेल वा बदाम खानाले लाभदायक हुन्छ।
फाइदाहरू
- मस्तिष्कको स्वास्थ्य र स्मरणशक्ति बढाउँछ।
- हृदय रोगको जोखिम कम गर्छ।
- त्वचा र केशको स्वास्थ्यलाई राम्रो बनाउँछ।
- हड्डी र दाँत मजबूत बनाउँछ।
- पाचन प्रणालीलाई सुधार गर्छ।
प्रयोग विधि
- कच्चै बदाम: १०–२० ग्राम बदाम दिनमा २–३ पटक खान सकिन्छ।
- बदामको दूध: बदामलाई पानीमा भिजाएर पिसेर दूध बनाइन्छ।
- बदामको तेल: त्वचामा मालिश गर्न वा खानाको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
- मिठाईमा प्रयोग: बदामलाई मिठाई, हलवा, र लड्डूमा मिसाउन सकिन्छ।
उत्पादन र संरक्षण
- बिरुवा तयारी: पुस महिनामा कलमी विधिबाट बिरुवा तयार गरिन्छ।
- फल्ने समय: कलमी गरेको ३ वर्षपछि फल्न थाल्छ।
- फल संकलन: असोज महिनामा फल पाकेपछि तोडिन्छ।
- संरक्षण: बदामलाई सुकाएर वा फ्रिजमा राख्न सकिन्छ।
निष्कर्ष
कागजी
बदाम एक उत्कृष्ट पौष्टिक
तथा औषधीय फल हो। यसले
शारीरिक र मानसिक स्वास्थ्यलाई
धेरै फाइदा पुर्याउँछ। नेपालको पहाडी क्षेत्रमा यसको उत्पादन गर्न
सकिन्छ भने विश्वभर यसको
माग धेरै छ। बदामलाई
नियमित आहारमा समावेश गरेर स्वस्थ जीवनशैली
अपनाउन सकिन्छ। यसरी, कागजी बदाम न केवल
स्वादमा राम्रो छ, तर स्वास्थ्यको
लागि पनि एक उत्तम
वरदान हो।
Almonds, known as "कागजी
बदाम" or "रूख बदाम" in Nepali, are the edible seeds of
the almond tree (Prunus amygdalus). Renowned for their delicate flavor
and nutritional benefits, almonds have been cherished worldwide for centuries. In
Nepal, these nuts are gaining popularity due to their health advantages and
potential as a valuable cash crop.
Availability in Nepal and Other Countries
Globally, almonds are predominantly cultivated in regions
like the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and California, USA. In Nepal, the
hilly and mountainous terrains, particularly between elevations of 1,500 to
4,000 meters, offer suitable conditions for almond cultivation. Districts such
as Mustang, Dolpa, and parts of the Annapurna region have shown promise for
growing almonds due to their temperate climates with cold winters and warm, dry
summers.
Physical Properties
The almond tree is a deciduous species that typically grows
between 20 to 30 feet tall. It bears resemblance to related fruit trees like
peaches and apricots. The leaves are dark green, slightly elongated, and
resemble those of peach trees. During the spring months of March and April, the
tree blossoms with clusters of white to pale pink flowers. By October, the
fruits mature; these consist of a hard, woody shell encasing the edible seed or
kernel.
Medicinal Properties
Almonds are rich in essential nutrients, including vitamins
E and C, which contribute to their health-promoting properties. Regular
consumption is believed to enhance memory, improve vision, and support nervous
system function. Additionally, almonds are known for their antioxidant content,
which helps combat oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.
Advantages and Uses
Beyond their nutritional value, almonds offer various health
benefits:
- Heart
Health: The healthy fats and antioxidants in almonds support
cardiovascular well-being.
- Weight
Management: Their protein and fiber content promote a feeling of
fullness, aiding in appetite control.
- Skin
Care: Almond oil is widely used for its moisturizing and anti-aging
effects.
Culinary uses of almonds are diverse; they can be consumed
raw, roasted, or incorporated into dishes like desserts, salads, and
traditional sweets. Almond milk and flour are also popular alternatives in
various recipes.
Methods of Consumption
For general health benefits, consuming 10-20 grams of
almonds two to three times daily is common. Soaking almonds overnight is a
traditional practice believed to enhance nutrient absorption and digestibility.
However, scientific evidence supporting the increased bioavailability of
nutrients from soaked almonds is limited. Nonetheless, soaking does soften the
nuts, making them easier to chew and digest, which can be beneficial for
individuals with dental or digestive sensitivities.
Cultivation, Harvesting, and Preservation
Almond trees thrive in temperate climates with cold winters
and warm, dry summers. They require well-drained, fertile soil with a pH
between 6.0 and 7.5. Propagation is typically achieved through grafting onto
rootstocks like peach or plum. Planting is best done in November and December,
with saplings spaced about 6 meters apart within rows and 7 meters between
rows. Irrigation during dry periods is crucial, especially during fruit
development, to prevent premature fruit drop.
Almond trees begin bearing fruit in their third year, with
significant yields from the sixth or seventh year onward. Harvesting occurs
approximately eight months after flowering when the outer hulls split open,
indicating maturity. Collected almonds should be dried until their moisture
content reaches 5 to 7% to prevent fungal infections.
Conclusion
Almonds offer a blend of delightful taste and substantial health benefits. In Nepal, the potential for almond cultivation is promising, particularly in suitable hilly regions. With proper cultivation techniques and care, almonds can serve as both a nutritious addition to the diet and a profitable agricultural venture.
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